Reference requirements

A minimum of 3 sources is required.

The reference list must be:
– placed at the end of the manuscript;
– presented in the original language (without translation or transliteration);
– arranged alphabetically;
– formatted strictly in APA style (American Psychological Association).

The reference list must include only sources cited in the text.

In-text citations must be provided in square brackets (e.g., [1], where 1 corresponds to the reference number). Multiple sources should be separated by semicolons (e.g., [1; 6]). If specific pages are cited, they should be indicated after the reference number (e.g., [1, p. 5]).

If a cited source has a DOI, it must be included.

Use line breaks (ENTER) only to separate different references.
Each reference must be presented as a single continuous paragraph. Breaking a single reference into multiple lines may result in formatting issues during publication.

Reference formatting example

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Format references online

Format

Using grafiati.com

* select APA (7th ed.) in the top menu.

For proper indexing in Google Scholar, it is recommended to use the APA-style citation exactly as suggested by Google Scholar for each specific source.

REQUIREMENTS FOR SOURCES:

1. The majority of references should be to materials published within the last 10 years, unless the subject of the article is historical in nature or focused on reviewing previous research.

2. References to the authors’ own publications (self-citations) are discouraged and may not exceed 25% of the total number of sources in the reference list.

3. When citing electronic resources, an active and valid URL or DOI must be provided; the reference must be precise; links leading not to a specific article but to general informational or news websites are not acceptable.

4. References to publications by Russian scholars and/or works by other authors published in Russian scientific, informational, or news outlets after 1991 are not permitted, as the editorial board does not support practices that increase the citation metrics of Russian scientific sources and publications. In research focusing on Russian propaganda or issues related to the Russian-Ukrainian war, the use of such sources is allowed exclusively as objects of study. In such cases, quotations, illustrative materials, and other fragments of the respective resources may be included without listing them as references to scientific sources in the reference list.